{"id":2761,"date":"2025-04-06T04:15:18","date_gmt":"2025-04-06T04:15:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fmminermag.com\/htdocs\/?post_type=issue-article&#038;p=2761"},"modified":"2025-04-07T22:42:51","modified_gmt":"2025-04-07T22:42:51","slug":"autonomous-trucks-moving-material","status":"publish","type":"issue-article","link":"https:\/\/fmminermag.com\/htdocs\/issue-article\/autonomous-trucks-moving-material\/","title":{"rendered":"Autonomous Trucks Moving Material"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#f9f9f9&#8243; max_height=&#8221;55px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-20px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||40px||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Fira Sans Condensed||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#2e3545&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;|||15px|false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">VOL. 08\u00a0 |\u00a0 ISSUE 1\u00a0 |\u00a0 Spring 2025<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<style><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  .mining-layout {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    width: 100%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    display: grid;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    grid-template-rows: 140px auto 200px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  .mining-layout .row {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    display: grid;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    grid-template-columns: 760px 240px auto;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  .color-1 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    background-color: #2e3645;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  .color-2 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    background-color: #3d485e;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  .color-3 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    background-color: 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!important;  \/* Added top padding *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      height: 100% !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      align-items: flex-start !important; \/* Changed to flex-start with top padding *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      justify-content: flex-start !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    .caption-block h2 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      font-size: 45px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      line-height: 0.9 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      padding: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      margin: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/style>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/p>\n<div class=\"mining-layout\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Row 1: Top Color Blocks --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"row\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"color-1\"><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"color-2\"><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"color-3\"><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Row 2: Image --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"mining-image\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fmminermag.com\/htdocs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/autonomous-haul-trucks.jpg\" alt=\"Autonomous haul trucks\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"brown-edge\"><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Row 3: Bottom Color Blocks with Gold Headline --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"row\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"color-1 caption-block\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: #b2a36f; font-family: 'Taviraj', serif; font-size: 98px; line-height: 0.9; font-weight: 300; margin: 0; padding-top: 40px; padding-bottom: 20px;\">Mining<!\u2013- [et_pb_br_holder] -\u2013>Milestone<\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"color-2\"><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<div class=\"color-3\"><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;3_5,2_5&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Adjusted Text Row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;RGBA(255,255,255,0)&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;30px|auto||auto|false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;30px|auto||auto|false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;-15px||||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; background_color_phone=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; background_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; background_enable_color_phone=&#8221;on&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;display: flex;||flex-wrap: wrap;&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;RGBA(255,255,255,0)&#8221; background_color_phone=&#8221;RGBA(255,255,255,0)&#8221; background_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; background_enable_color_phone=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_css_main_element_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_css_main_element_phone=&#8221;order: 2;||&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Fira Sans Condensed Regular SUBHEAD&#8221; module_class=&#8221;lighter-fira&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;Fira Sans Condensed||||||||&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#3d485e&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;44px&#8221; header_2_letter_spacing=&#8221;-1px&#8221; header_2_line_height=&#8221;1.2em&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||5px|50px|false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;0px||5px|50px|false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;|||0px|false|false&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; header_2_font_size_tablet=&#8221;44px&#8221; header_2_font_size_phone=&#8221;30px&#8221; header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>Bagdad Autonomous Trucks<br \/>Moving Material During Initial<br \/>Phase of Full-Site Conversion<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Body Text&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Fira Sans Condensed|300|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#4d4d4f&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; header_3_font=&#8221;Fira Sans Condensed|600|||||||&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#4d4d4f&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; header_3_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;|||50px|false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;|||50px|false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;|||0px|false|false&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;|125px|||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;|0px|||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]Driverless haul trucks are moving material at Bagdad.<\/p>\n<p>Starting with the March 3 morning shift, the first four autonomous trucks began round-the-clock production, culminating more than a year-and-ahalf of planning, construction and training following Freeport\u2019s July 2023 announcement of a planned transition to self-driving trucks at the site.<\/p>\n<p>This go-live is part of the conversion that is expected to have the site\u2019s entire haulage fleet of 33 trucks running autonomously by year end. During this initial startup phase, the trucks are being tested and tweaked. The people who will oversee their operation already have undergone extensive training and are gaining real-world experience with the new technology.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;RGBA(255,255,255,0)&#8221; background_color_phone=&#8221;RGBA(255,255,255,0)&#8221; background_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; background_enable_color_phone=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_css_main_element_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_css_main_element_phone=&#8221;order: 2;||&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/fmminermag.com\/htdocs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/testing-haul-trucks.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;testing-haul-trucks&#8221; show_bottom_space=&#8221;off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; position_origin_f=&#8221;bottom_right&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;115px||||false|false&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;0px||||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;115px||||false|false&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Adjusted Text Row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#f6f5f3&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;50px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|25px|0px|25px|false|false&#8221; background_color_phone=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; background_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; background_enable_color_phone=&#8221;on&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;display: flex;||flex-wrap: wrap;&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;RGBA(255,255,255,0)&#8221; background_color_phone=&#8221;RGBA(255,255,255,0)&#8221; background_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; background_enable_color_phone=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_css_main_element_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_css_main_element_phone=&#8221;order: 2;||&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;PULL QUOTE &#8211; JUSTIN CROSS&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Fira Sans Condensed|300|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#4d4d4f&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;Fira Sans Condensed|500|||||||&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#3d485e&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;30px&#8221; header_3_font=&#8221;Fira Sans Condensed|300|||||||&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#a36f58&#8243; header_3_font_size=&#8221;30px&#8221; header_3_line_height=&#8221;1.2em&#8221; header_4_font=&#8221;Fira Sans Condensed||||||||&#8221; header_4_text_color=&#8221;#a36f58&#8243; header_4_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; background_color=&#8221;RGBA(255,255,255,0)&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;50px|25px|25px|25px|false|false&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;|125px|||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;||40px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>\u201cThe significance of the Bagdad Autonomous Haulage System project cannot be overstated. It is a game changer for Bagdad and Freeport. I could not be happier with the performance of the BAHS Team.\u201d<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><strong>MARK ELLIOTT<\/strong> | PROJECT MANAGER, ENGINEERING II<\/h4>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Execute for Value SIDEBAR&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Fira Sans Condensed|300|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#4d4d4f&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;Fira Sans Condensed|500|||||||&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#3d485e&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;30px&#8221; header_3_font=&#8221;Fira Sans Condensed|600|||||||&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#4d4d4f&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; header_3_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; header_4_font=&#8221;Fira Sans Condensed|600|||||||&#8221; header_4_text_color=&#8221;#4d4d4f&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#f6f5f3&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;|125px|||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;10px|10px|10px|10px|false|false&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"114\" data-end=\"487\" class=\"\">The first two autonomous trucks began receiving their first loads of materials on February 11 as part of a final test run. Since then, the trucks had been picking up full loads at a shovel, transporting them to the waste dump and unloading them at the designated spot without a person in the cab. The second two trucks joined the operation for full-time service on March 3.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"489\" data-end=\"1008\" class=\"\">There have been some bugs to work out, but no big surprises, said Mark Elliott, Project Manager, Engineering II. The trucks are operating in an isolated autonomous zone, separated from the staffed haul trucks and other site operations. Anyone entering the zone has undergone specialized training on interacting with the autonomous vehicles, including shovel operators and people in light vehicles. Ultimately, anyone entering the mine area will receive that training as the site transitions to fully autonomous haulage.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1010\" data-end=\"1157\" class=\"\">By May, it is expected about a dozen autonomous trucks will be in use. The full haulage fleet is scheduled to be autonomous by the end of the year.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1159\" data-end=\"1530\" class=\"\">\u201cEvery week, we are getting more familiar and capable with the system,\u201d Elliott said. \u201cI knew we would have some challenges when we turned the system on because it\u2019s learning a new system, learning a new way of operating these trucks compared to a staffed environment. The team has been exceptionally resilient with troubleshooting and getting the system up and running.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;RGBA(255,255,255,0)&#8221; background_color_phone=&#8221;RGBA(255,255,255,0)&#8221; background_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; background_enable_color_phone=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_css_main_element_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_css_main_element_phone=&#8221;order: 2;||&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Execute for Value SIDEBAR&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Fira Sans Condensed|300|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#4d4d4f&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;Fira Sans Condensed|500|||||||&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#3d485e&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;30px&#8221; header_3_font=&#8221;Fira Sans Condensed|600|||||||&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#4d4d4f&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; header_3_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; header_4_font=&#8221;Fira Sans Condensed|600|||||||&#8221; header_4_text_color=&#8221;#4d4d4f&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#f6f5f3&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;35px|25px|25px|25px|false|false&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;|125px|||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;10px|10px|10px|10px|false|false&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"sidebar-headline\" style=\"position: relative;\">\n  <span class=\"sidebar-headline-line\" style=\"position: absolute; top: 0; bottom: 0; left: 0; height: auto;\"><\/span><br \/>\n  <span style=\"display: inline-block; padding-left: 15px;\">Support Team in Place<\/span><br \/>\n<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"112\" data-end=\"511\" class=\"\">With only four trucks operating, staffing includes one supervisor, one controller who manages the digital system that tells the trucks what to do, one pit technician who surveys conditions in the real world, and one builder who takes that information and uses it to create a virtual world. Caterpillar, which manufactures the autonomous technology, also has an application specialist on every shift.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"513\" data-end=\"892\" class=\"\">When 33 trucks are operating, each shift crew will include one supervisor, two controllers, one builder, and a Caterpillar specialist. There also will be four pit technicians and a maintenance dispatcher who will monitor the condition of the vehicles and equipment through the Remote Access Monitoring Process, which uses onboard sensors to continually track vehicle performance.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"894\" data-end=\"1097\" class=\"\">The people who will fill those roles are being rotated in from their regular duties to gain experience with the autonomous system. When fully operational, there will be four crews operating continuously.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1099\" data-end=\"1289\" class=\"\">The results of the early operation have been positive, Elliott said. As people get more familiar with the technology, vehicle system startup times are improving and production is increasing.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1291\" data-end=\"1516\" class=\"\">There are some quirks. For instance, if there is a small material spill on a haul road, a driver would normally report it and just go around until it gets cleaned up. An autonomous vehicle will not do that. It will just stop.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1518\" data-end=\"1945\" class=\"\">\u201cThe beautiful thing about autonomous trucks is they do exactly what they\u2019re supposed to do,\u201d Elliott said. \u201cBut that\u2019s also a flaw because if anything doesn\u2019t happen how it\u2019s supposed to, those trucks may not operate. So, autonomy has the ability to show different inefficiencies because a staffed operator will just make a decision whereas the autonomous system is not capable of that. They do what they\u2019re programmed to do.\u201d <span style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 20px; color: #c66a39;\">&#9632;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#3d485e&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|50px|0px|50px|false|false&#8221; global_module=&#8221;1861&#8243; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_post_nav in_same_term=&#8221;on&#8221; prev_text=&#8221;Prev Page&#8221; next_text=&#8221;Next Page&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; title_font=&#8221;Fira Sans Condensed|700||on|||||&#8221; title_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_post_nav][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":""},"categories":[18],"class_list":["post-2761","issue-article","type-issue-article","status-publish","hentry","category-spring-2025"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fmminermag.com\/htdocs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issue-article\/2761","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fmminermag.com\/htdocs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issue-article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fmminermag.com\/htdocs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/issue-article"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fmminermag.com\/htdocs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2761"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fmminermag.com\/htdocs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2761"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}